Indonesian Migrant Worker (PMI) in the Agriculture Sector: Opportunities and Challenges

Main Article Content

Susana Indriyati Caturiani
Rahayu Sulistiowati
Ayu Wulandari

Abstract

Worker migration occurs for various reasons, one of which is economic. In migration, there are push factors and pull factors. The demand for worker in more developed countries and higher wages is pulling factors, while the lack of job opportunities and inadequate wages in the country are push factors. In recent years, the agricultural sector in Japan has become attractive to job seekers in Indonesia. This study aims to explore the opportunities for former agricultural migrants in addressing the challenge of farmer regeneration. The research employs a qualitative approach, utilizing data collection methods such as interviews, observations, and document analysis. Informants from BP3MI, SBMI, and prospective PMI were involved. The findings indicate that no such efforts have been made, and innovative policies are needed to bridge the gap between the two.

Article Details

How to Cite
Caturiani, S. I., Sulistiowati, R., & Wulandari, A. (2026). Indonesian Migrant Worker (PMI) in the Agriculture Sector: Opportunities and Challenges. The Eastasouth Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 3(03), 503 – 513. https://doi.org/10.58812/esssh.v3i03.791
Section
Articles

References

[1] A. Kaur, “Labour migration in Southeast Asia: Migration policies, labour exploitation and regulation,” J. Asia Pac. Econ., vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 6–19, 2010.

[2] BP2MI, “Kabar Baik, BP2MI Buka Sektor Pertanian untuk PMI di Korsel, Jepang dan Taiwan,” Kabar Baik, BP2MI Buka Sektor Pertanian untuk PMI di Korsel, Jepang dan Taiwan. Accessed: Aug. 14, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://bp2mi.go.id/index.php/berita-detail/kabar-baik-bp2mi-buka-sektor-pertanian-untuk-pmi-di-korsel-jepang-dan-taiwan-1

[3] KP2MI, “Peluang Kerja Bidang Agriculture di Jepang Terbuka Luas, Kepala BP2MI: Kami Tangkap Sebagai Peluang,” Kementerian Perlindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia/ Badan Perlindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia (BP2MI). Accessed: Aug. 14, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://bp2mi.go.id/berita-detail/peluang-kerja-bidang-agriculture-di-jepang-terbuka-luas-kepala-bp2mi-kami-tangkap-sebagai-peluang

[4] A. Yudhista, “Gaji TKI Di Korea Selatan Lebih Tinggi daripada di Jepang, Apa Saja Syaratnya?,” Malang Raya. Accessed: Aug. 14, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://malangraya.pikiran-rakyat.com/ekonomi/pr-3629120101/gaji-tki-di-korea-selatan-lebih-tinggi-daripada-di-jepang-apa-saja-syaratnya

[5] Takumi, “Gaji Magang Jepang 2024: Tunjangan, Fasilitas, dan Keuntungan,” PT Akari Jawa indonesia (AJI). Accessed: Aug. 14, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://aji.co.id/2024/12/18/gaji-magang-jepang-2024/

[6] I. Cockel, B. Zani, and J. S. Parhusip, “‘There will be no law, or people to protect us’: Irregular Southeast Asian seasonal workers in Taiwan before and during the pandemic”, doi: 10.1111/joac.12550.

[7] Srimulyani, “Gegar Budaya dan Strategi Adaptasi Pekerja Migran Indonesia di Bidang Pertanian Jepang,” Universitas Airlangga Official Website. Accessed: Aug. 14, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://unair.ac.id/gegar-budaya-dan-strategi-adaptasi-pekerja-migran-indonesia-di-bidang-pertanian-jepang/

[8] G. Kartasasmita, “Administrasi pembangunan: perkembangan pemikiran dan praktiknya di Indonesia,” No Title, 1997.

[9] M. Turner and D. Hulme, Governance, administration and development: Making the state work. Springer, 1997.

[10] E. W. Weidner, Development Administration in Asia. Duke University Press Durham, NC, 1970.

[11] F. Heady, Public Administration, A Comparative Perspective. Crc Press, 2001.

[12] D. A. Rondinelli, “Governments Serving People: The Changing Roles Of Public Administration In Democratic Governance in the 7th Global Forum on Reinventing Government: Building Trust in Government,” 2006.

[13] M. Samers, Migration, Second edition. in Key ideas in geography. New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

[14] I. B. Mantra, “Demografi Umum Edisi Kedua,” Yogyak. Pustaka Pelajar, 2003.

[15] J. Weeks, Population: An Introduction to Concepts and Issues. Cengage Learning, 2011.

[16] R. Munir, “Migrasi” dalam Dasar-dasar Demografi,” Jkt. Lemb. Penelit. Fak. Ekon. UI, 1981.

[17] G. Data, “Data Jumlah Pengangguran Terbuka di Indonesia Berdasarkan Pendidikan Terakhir Tahun 2024,” GoodStats Data. Accessed: Aug. 14, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://data.goodstats.id/statistic/data-jumlah-pengangguran-terbuka-di-indonesia-berdasarkan-pendidikan-terakhir-tahun-2024-zYgTu

[18] N. Rochaniyah and A. Indrayati, “Faktor Penarik dan Faktor Pendorong Mobilitas Eks Tki Desa Purworejo Kecamatan Ringinarum Kabupaten Kendal,” Edu Geogr., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 174–180, May 2019, doi: 10.15294/edugeo.v7i2.30149.

[19] E. Setijaningrum, A. Kassim, R. Triana, and R. Dzulfikri, “Going Back with Glee: A Case Study of Indonesian Migrant Workers Engaging in Circular Migration,” JAS J. ASEAN Stud., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 219–243, June 2023, doi: 10.21512/jas.v11i1.8610.

[20] “UU No. 18 Tahun 2017,” Database Peraturan | JDIH BPK. Accessed: Aug. 14, 2025. [Online]. Available: http://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/64508/uu-no-18-tahun-2017