Legal Analysis of Civil Liability for the Piracy of Digital Comics on Websites
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Abstract
This study aims to conduct a legal analysis of civil liability for the piracy of digital comics on websites and the mechanisms for legal protection of creators from a civil law perspective. The research problem focuses on the rampant distribution of digital comics without permission through illegal websites, which causes economic and immaterial losses to creators. The study employs a normative legal research method using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. Research data was obtained through a literature review of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, which were analyzed qualitatively through legal interpretation and legal argumentation. The results of the study indicate that the piracy of digital comics can be classified as a tort under Article 1365 of the Civil Code because it fulfills the elements of a tort: an unlawful act, fault, damage, and causation. Civil liability is not only imposed on the principal perpetrator but can also be extended to website operators and other parties contributing to the infringement through the concept of extended liability. This study concludes that civil liability serves compensatory and preventive functions in providing legal protection for digital comic copyrights, although its implementation still faces challenges regarding the burden of proof and the complexity of cross-border digital spaces.
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