The Limits of State Intelligence Authority Over Private Spaces from a Criminal Law Perspective
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Abstract
The development of information technology has expanded the operational mechanisms of state intelligence through surveillance activities targeting citizens’ private spaces. This situation raises legal issues when surveillance is conducted without clear limits on authority and has the potential to conflict with criminal law. This study aims to analyze the limits of state intelligence authority over private spaces and to examine the legality of surveillance actions from a criminal law perspective. This study employs a normative legal research method using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. Legal materials were obtained through a literature review of relevant legislation, books, journals, and legal doctrines. The results of the study indicate that the authority of state intelligence is not absolute, as it remains constrained by the principles of legality, proportionality, and the protection of citizens’ private rights. Surveillance activities are only justified if conducted based on lawful authority, have a clear national security objective, and are carried out proportionally. Surveillance activities conducted without a clear legal basis have the potential to constitute an unlawful act from a criminal law perspective.
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