Protection of Children’s Personal Data (CPD) in the Digital Environment, Legal Obligations of Online Platforms (OPs) in Indonesia
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The rapid expansion of the digital environment has intensified the collection and processing of children’s personal data by online platforms, raising significant legal concerns regarding privacy and child protection. This study examines the protection of Child Personal Data (CPD) in Indonesia by focusing on the legal obligations of Online Platforms (OP) within the digital ecosystem. Employing a normative juridical approach, the research analyzes statutory regulations on personal data protection, electronic systems, and child protection to assess their coherence and effectiveness. The findings indicate that although Indonesia has established a legal foundation recognizing children as a vulnerable group requiring heightened data protection, regulatory fragmentation, limited operational guidance, and enforcement challenges remain. In particular, ambiguities related to consent mechanisms, age verification, accountability standards, and cross-border platform operations weaken the practical protection of children’s data. This study concludes that clearer, more specific, and enforceable legal obligations for online platforms are necessary to ensure effective CPD protection and to strengthen children’s rights in Indonesia’s digital environment.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
S. Livingstone, M. Stoilova, and R. Nandagiri, “Children’s data and privacy online: growing up in a digital age: an evidence review,” 2019.
O. B. Arewa, “Data Collection, Privacy, and Children in the Digital Economy,” in Families and New Media: Comparative Perspectives on Digital Transformations in Law and Society, Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden Wiesbaden, 2023, pp. 195–213.
D. Novira, W. S. Astuti, M. F. Albadi, and M. S. Gunawan, “Legal Protection Of Children’s Personal Data In The Digital Era.,” J. Soc. Res., vol. 3, no. 9, 2024.
M. E. G. Ahouangbe, “O ordenamento jurídico brasileiro e a proteção de crianças no ambiente digital,” Virtuajus, vol. 9, no. 17, 2024.
A. B. Gunawan, “Protection of Children Personal Data in Digital Financial Services in Indonesia,” J. Law, Polit. Humanit., vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 1801–1807, 2024.
S. Sihabudin, “Expanding the limitations of the protection and processing of children’s personal data: An overview of current regulations, challenges, and recommendations,” Brawijaya Law J., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 59–71, 2023.
C. Ramadhan, E. Charlest, M. Ambarita, and S. Hutapea, “Analisis Kewajiban Penyelenggara Sistem Elektronik dalam Memberikan Perlindungan Bagi Anak: Konteks UU Nomor 1 Tahun 2024,” Demokr. J. Ris. Ilmu Hukum, Sos. dan Polit., vol. 2, pp. 21–27, Apr. 2025, doi: 10.62383/demokrasi.v2i2.845.
W. Bülow and M. Wester, “The right to privacy and the protection of personal data in a digital era and the age of information,” in Human rights and risks in the digital era: Globalization and the effects of information technologies, IGI Global Scientific Publishing, 2012, pp. 34–45.
C. Tolani and J. Pareek, “Introduction to data protection frameworks: A review,” Int. J. Adv. Res. Sci. Commun. Technol., vol. 4, pp. 251–255, 2024.
V. Halinkina, “Basic Principles of Personal Data Processing and Protection,” Sci. Bull. Uzhhorod Natl. Univ. Ser. Law, vol. 1, no. 81, pp. 111–115, 2024.
D. Muharman, M. Wibowo, H. Sinaga, S. Sumiyati, and E. Sumartono, “The Evolution of Privacy Law in the Digital Age: Balancing Individual Rights and Technological Innovation,” Join J. Soc. Sci., vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 421–432, 2024.
L. D. Arnetta, G. A. Fathyasani, and T. Suryawijaya, “Children’s privacy in the digital world: A review of the law on the use of technology child,” 2023.
L. V. Chau, N. X. Quang, and N. K. Tung, “Processing of children’s personal data: a comparative study of the EU legal framework and Vietnamese law,” TalTech J. Eur. Stud., vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 56–71, 2025.
S. R. Sena, “A Proteção de Dados Pessoais de Crianças no Ordenamento Jurídico Brasileiro,” Cad. Virtual, vol. 2, no. 44, 2019.
A. Sofian, “Perlindungan Data Privasi Anak Online dalam Mencegah Pelanggaran Hak Anak,” 2020.
A. H. Cerezo, “La protección de datos de los menores de edad. Especial referencia a sus excepciones en materia sanitaria y de educación,” La Ley Derecho Fam. Rev. jurídica sobre Fam. y menores, no. 15, p. 13, 2017.
A. Third, S. Livingstone, and G. Lansdown, “Recognizing children’s rights in relation to the digital environment: challenges of voice and evidence, principle and practice,” in Research Handbook on Human Rights and Digital Technology, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2025, pp. 325–360.
D. A. Tayupanta-Guangatal, M. C. Mafla-Sánchez, N. Hurtado-Acosta, and I. Alfonso-Gonzáles, “Protección de datos personales en era digital [Personal data protection in the digital age],” Verdad y Derecho. Rev. Arbitr. Ciencias Jurídicas y Soc., vol. 3, no. especial_Ambato, pp. 357–363, 2024.
C. O. A. Freitas, “O Ciberespaço Nas Smart Cities Sob A Perspectiva Da Proteção De Dados Pessoais De Crianças E Adolescentes,” Conpedi Law Rev., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 234–253, 2023.
G. Valença, M. W. Sarinho, V. Polito, and F. Lins, “Do Platforms Care About Your Child’s Data? A Proposal of Legal Requirements for Children’s Privacy and Protection.,” 2022.
B. Buchner, “Der Schutz von Minderjährigen in der Datenökonomie: Die Meta-Entscheidung des EuGH und der Minderjährigendatenschutz,” Datenschutz und Datensicherheit-DuD, vol. 47, no. 12, pp. 756–760, 2023.
Y. L. Ngompat and M. G. M. Maran, “Legal Development And Urgency Of Personal Data Protection In Indonesia,” JILPR J. Indones. Law Policy Rev., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 627–635, 2024.
E. Lestari and R. Rasji, “Legal Study On Personal Data Protection Based On Indonesian Legislation,” Awang Long Law Rev., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 471–477, 2024.
C. C. Putri and R. Ganindha, “Legal Construction of the Protection and Processing of Children’s Personal Data in Indonesia,” in 12th UUM International Legal Conference 2023 (UUMILC 2023), 2024, pp. 147–155.
N. Afifah, “Tanggung jawab hukum platform e-commerce terhadap keamanan data pribadi pengguna: Analisis berdasarkan UU PDP 2022,” J. Leg., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 29–38, 2024.
D. D. Wijayanto and K. W. Indrayanti, “Personal Data Protection in Digital Business Based on the Law on Personal Data Protection,” Int. J. Res. Soc. Sci. Humanit. ISSN 2582-6220, DOI 10.47505/IJRSS, vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 6–12, 2025.
F. Nadiah and S. A. Wiraguna, “Tinjauan Hukum Terhadap Perlindungan Data Pribadi Dalam Transaksi Elektronik Di Indonesia,” J. Ris. Multidisiplin Edukasi, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 270–278, 2025.
H. Hufron, S. Fikri, S. Hadi, I. Shulga, and A. S. Wibowo, “Digital Platform Power Play: Indonesian and European Union Law Perspective,” Lex Sci. Law Rev., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 707–742, 2024.
T. Widyaningsih and S. Suryaningsi, “Kajian Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Data Pribadi Digital Anak Sebagai Hak Atas Privasi Di Indonesia,” Nomos J. Penelit. Ilmu Huk., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 93–103, 2022.
M. B. Narendra, L. L. M. SH, and A. Y. Karunian, “Protection of Children in Online Spaces: Examining Various Mechanisms for Age Verification and Parental Consent,” 2024.