The Influence of Social Conflict, Cultural Diversity, and Tolerance on Social Integration in Urban Societies
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aims to examine the influence of social conflict, cultural diversity, and tolerance on social integration in urban communities. Using survey methods and multiple linear regression analysis, data were collected from 300 respondents living in urban areas with high levels of cultural diversity. The results show that social conflict has a significant negative effect on social integration, while cultural diversity and tolerance have a significant positive impact. Social conflict reduces the level of social cohesion and strengthens segregation, while cultural diversity and tolerance encourage social engagement and increase community harmony. These findings indicate the importance of policies that support conflict management and the promotion of diversity and tolerance as strategies for building a more integrated society in urban environments. This study also highlights the need for further research in other urban contexts to enrich the understanding of the dynamics of social integration.
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
G. Submitter, E. Elyta, and H. Herlan, “Politics of Harmony, Social Capital and Tolerant Cities,” Journals Elyta, Elyta Herlan, Herlan, Polit. Harmon. Soc. Cap. Toler. Cities (June 30, 2021). Ref. to this Pap. should be made as Follow. Elyta, E, pp. 51–61, 2021.
T. Hidayatulloh and T. Saumantri, “Religious Dialectics in Urban Society in Tolerance Villages of Bandung City: Analysis of Emil Durkheim’s Religious Functionalism,” Al-Madinah J. Islam. Civiliz., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–12, 2024.
C. de I’Europe, “Cultural heritage and its educational implications: a factor for tolerance, good citizenship and social integration,” Atti del Semin. Bruxelles, pp. 28–30, 1995.
C. Wainryb, “Moral development in culture: Diversity, tolerance, and justice,” Handb. moral Dev., vol. 2, pp. 211–240, 2006.
S. Sayan and D. Kalisch, “Conflict and tolerance in urban outdoor recreation: A case study in Antalya and Berlin,” Turizam, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 32–41, 2018.
P. Parihat, “Religious Tolerance and Authentic Coexistence in Indonesian Urban Society,” Reli. J. Stud. Agama-agama, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 166–189, 2024.
H. Qian, “Diversity versus tolerance: the social drivers of innovation and entrepreneurship in US cities,” Urban Stud., vol. 50, no. 13, pp. 2718–2735, 2013.
N. E. Netshivhambe, “Multiculturalism and Cultural Tolerance,” Belong. Cult. Divers. Soc. Struct. Pers. Cust. Off. Struct. Pers. Cust., p. 229, 2025.
S. Kyuvi, C. Nzioka, and E. Ayiemba, “Ethnic Mixing And Tolerance In Mathare Informal Settlement In Nairobi City, Kenya.,” ESI Prepr., vol. 19, no. 34, p. 51, 2023.
S. Riaz, “The Role of Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) Tolerance in Promoting Social Harmony and Unity in the Society Dr. Shehla Riaz”.
T. M. Mazya, K. Ridho, and A. Irfani, “Religious and cultural diversity in Indonesia: Dynamics of acceptance and conflict in a multidimensional perspective,” Int. J. Curr. Sci. Res. Rev., vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 4932–4945, 2024.
D. Stolle, S. Soroka, and R. Johnston, “When does diversity erode trust? Neighborhood diversity, interpersonal trust and the mediating effect of social interactions,” Polit. Stud., vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 57–75, 2008.
J. W. Berry, “Integration and multiculturalism: Ways towards social solidarity,” Pap. Soc. Represent., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 1–2, 2011.
W. Noe, N. W. Wardhani, S. H. Umar, and R. Yunus, “Realizing multiculturalism and social integration in Banuroja community,” J. Civ. Media Kaji. Kewarganegaraan, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 82–96, 2021.
C. Rapp, “More diversity, less tolerance? The effect of type of cultural diversity on the erosion of tolerance in Swiss municipalities,” Ethn. Racial Stud., vol. 38, no. 10, pp. 1779–1797, 2015.
R. Fincher, K. Iveson, H. Leitner, and V. Preston, “Planning in the multicultural city: Celebrating diversity or reinforcing difference?,” Prog. Plann., vol. 92, pp. 1–55, 2014.
E. L. Damanik, “Ethnicity situation and intolerant attitudes in multicultural societies in the Medan City,” Humaniora, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 39–50, 2020.
W. Noe, I. Affandi, E. Malihah, and S. Sunatra, “The dynamics of multicultural values of Banuroja community in building social integration a socio-cultural ethnographic study in Gorontalo,” J. Hum. Behav. Soc. Environ., vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 758–770, 2018.
M. Hanif, “Multicultural Education and Tolerance from Social Capital Perspective,” Multicult. Educ., 2023.
A. Madanipour, “Cultural pluralism, tolerance, and public space”.
P. F. Bangwayo-Skeete and P. Zikhali, “Explaining self-declared social tolerance for human diversity in Latin America and the Caribbean,” in Forum for social economics, Taylor & Francis, 2013, pp. 181–206.
M. Buchowski, K. Chlewińska, and A. MICKIEWICZ, “Tolerance and cultural diversity discourses in Poland,” 2010.
P. Wood and C. Landry, The intercultural city: Planning for diversity advantage. Routledge, 2008.
A. Al Zu’abi, “Tolerance in Arab societies,” J. Asian Afr. Stud., vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 952–969, 2018.
J. Z. Rubin, D. G. Pruitt, and S. H. Kim, Social conflict: Escalation, stalemate, and settlement. Mcgraw-Hill Book Company, 1994.
J. W. Berry, “Acculturation and adaptation,” Handb. cross-cultural Psychol., vol. 3, pp. 291–326, 1997.
D. Sullivan, “Discrete conformal groups and measurable dynamics,” Bull. Am. Math. Soc., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 57–73, 1982.
E. Durkheim, Emile Durkheim on Morality and Society. The University of Chicago Press, 1973.
R. Putnam, “The prosperous community: social capital and public life,” Front. issues Econ. thought, vol. 3, pp. 211–212, 1997.
M. Kamil, “Cultural tolerance, diversity and pluralism: the recognition of Yogyakarta as the city of tolerance,” J. Local Gov. Issues, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 85–104, 2018.
M. Japar, K. Sahid, and D. N. Fadhillah, “Social tolerance in multi-religious states: A case study in cigugur society, Indonesia,” Int. J. Innov. Creat. Chang., vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 371–392, 2019.